一、塑膠模具結構按功能分
1、 Plastic mold structure is divided by function
主要由：澆注系統(tǒng)、調溫系統(tǒng)、成型零件系統(tǒng)、排氣系統(tǒng)、導向系統(tǒng)、頂出系統(tǒng)等組成。其中澆注系統(tǒng)和成型零件是與塑料直接接觸部分，并隨塑料和制品而變化，是塑模中最復雜，變化最大，要求加工光潔度和精度最高的部分。
It is mainly composed of gating system, temperature regulating system, forming part system, exhaust system, guiding system, ejection system, etc. Among them, the gating system and molding parts are the parts in direct contact with plastics and change with plastics and products. They are the most complex and changing parts in the plastic mold, which require the highest machining finish and precision.
1.澆注系統(tǒng)：
1. Gating system:
是指塑料從射嘴進入型腔前的流道部分，包括主流道、冷料穴、分流道和澆口等。
It refers to the part of the flow channel before the plastic enters the cavity from the nozzle, including the main flow channel, cold material cavity, shunt channel and gate, etc.
2.成型零件系統(tǒng)：
2. Formed part system:
是指構成制品形狀的各種零件組合，包括動模、定模和型腔（凹模）、型芯（凸模）、成型桿等組成。型芯形成制品的內(nèi)表面，型腔（凹模）形成制品的外表面形狀。合模后型芯和型腔便構成了模具的型腔。按工藝和制造要求，有時型芯和凹模由若干拼塊組合而成，有時做成整體，僅在易損壞、難加工的部位采用鑲件。
It refers to the combination of various parts constituting the shape of the product, including moving die, fixed die, cavity (concave die), core (punch), forming rod, etc. The core forms the inner surface of the product, and the cavity (die) forms the outer surface shape of the product. After clamping, the core and cavity form the cavity of the die. According to the process and manufacturing requirements, sometimes the core and die are combined by several blocks, sometimes as a whole, and inserts are only used in the parts that are easy to be damaged and difficult to process.
3.調溫系統(tǒng)：
3. Temperature regulating system:
為了滿足注射工藝對模具溫度的要求，需要有調溫系統(tǒng)對模具的溫度進行調節(jié)。對于熱塑性塑料用注塑模，主要是設計冷卻系統(tǒng)使模具冷卻（也可對模具進行加熱）。模具冷卻的常用辦法是在模具內(nèi)開設冷卻水通道，利用循環(huán)流動的冷卻水帶走模具的熱量；模具的加熱除可利用冷卻水通熱水或熱油外，還可在模具內(nèi)部和周圍安裝電加熱元件。
In order to meet the requirements of injection process for mold temperature, a temperature regulating system is needed to adjust the mold temperature. For injection molds for thermoplastics, the cooling system is mainly designed to cool the mold (or heat the mold). The common method of mold cooling is to set up a cooling water channel in the mold, and use the circulating cooling water to take away the heat of the mold; In addition to using cooling water to heat hot water or hot oil, electric heating elements can also be installed in and around the mold.
4.排氣系統(tǒng)：
4. Exhaust system:
是為了將注射成型過程中型腔內(nèi)的空氣及塑膠融化所產(chǎn)生的氣體排除到模具外而設立，排氣不暢時制品表面會形成氣痕（氣紋）、燒焦等不良；塑膠模具的排氣系統(tǒng)通常是在模具中開設的一種槽形出氣口，用以排出原有型腔空氣的及熔料帶入的氣體。
It is set up to exclude the air in the medium-sized cavity and the gas generated by plastic melting from the mold in the injection molding process. When the exhaust is not smooth, the product surface will form gas marks (gas lines), charring and other defects; The exhaust system of plastic mold is usually a grooved air outlet opened in the mold to discharge the air in the original mold cavity and the gas brought in by molten material.
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